This new edition of Essentials of Blood Banking brings students and residents fully up to date with the latest scientific and technological advances in blood banking and transfusion. The book begins with discussion on immunohaematology and different blood group systems. The following sections examine transfusion, screening, donors and storage. The second edition includes a new chapter on obstetrical transfusion practice, as well as fully updated guidelines on neonatal and paediatric transfusion.


　Key points
　　　ㆍ　Fully revised, new edition bringing residents and students up to date with the latest advances in blood banking and transfusion
　　　ㆍ　Includes new chapter on obstetrical transfusion practice
　　　ㆍ　Diagrams, plates and tables enhance learning
　　　ㆍ　Previous edition published in 2006

1. Immunohaematology 1
　　Antigen 1
　　Antibody 1
　　Complement 4
　　Sensitisation 4
　　Agglutination 4
　　Haemolysis 5

2. ABO blood group system 6
　　Inheritance of Abo blood groups 6
　　Antigens of Abo groups 6
　　Abo antibodies 7
　　ABO subgroups 7
　　Bombay blood group (Oh phenotype) 8
　　Antisera used in Abo grouping 9
　　ABO grouping 9
　　ABO gel grouping 12
　　ABO subgrouping 14
　　ABO discrepancies 15

3. Rh blood group system 18
　　Nomenclature 18
　　Types of Rh antigens 20
　　The D weak or Du phenotype 20
　　Rh antibodies 21
　　Rh grouping reagents 21
　　Tests for Rh grouping 22
　　Test for Du 23

4. Other blood group systems 25
　　Lewis blood group system 25
　　Mns blood group system 26
　　P blood group system 26
　　Ii blood group system 27
　　Kell blood group system 27
　　Kidd blood group system 28
　　Duffy blood group system 28
　　Lutheran blood group system 29

5. Antihuman globulin (Coombs’) test 30
　　Principle of antiglobulin test 30
　　Ahg (Coombs’) reagents 30
　　Gel card technique for Coombs’ test 32
　　Clinical significance of Coombs’ test 34
　　Sources of error 37

6. Detection and identification of antibodies 38
　　Screening cells 38
　　Identification of alloantibodies 40

7. Cross-matching (compatibility testing) 45
　　Cross-matching 45
　　Procedure of cross-matching for whole blood transfusion 46
　　Cross-matching in emergencies 48
　　Procedure for issuing blood unit 49

8. Transfusion reactions and complications 50
　　Types of transfusion reactions 50
　　Haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR) 50
　　Non-haemolytic transfusion reactions 53
　　Transfusion-related acute lung injury (Trali ) 54
　　Transfusion reactions based on time factor 54

9. Screening for diseases transmitted through blood 56
　　Tests for hepatitis B 56
　　Test for anti-HCV antibody 58
　　Screening tests for HIV1 and HIV2 58
　　Test for syphilis 58
　　Malaria 58

10. Blood donor and collection of blood 59
　　The blood donor 59
　　Physical examination 62
　　Screening of donor blood 63
　　Frequency of donation 64
　　Collection of blood 65
　　Phlebotomy 66
　　Instructions to donor after donation of blood 67
　　Complications of blood donation (donor reactions) 67

11. Storage and preservation of blood and its components 69
　　Biochemical changes in the stored blood 69
　　Preservative solutions 70
　　Long-term storage of red cells 71

12. Haemolytic disease of the newborn 74
　　Aetiopathogenesis 74
　　Investigations on newborn 75
　　Antenatal management of rh (d) negative mother 76

13. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 77
　　Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 77
　　Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (cold agglutinin syndrome) 77

14. Blood components 80
　　Preparation of Rbc concentrate 80
　　Preparation of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) 81
　　Preparation of platelet concentrate (PC) 82
　　Cryoprecipitate 83

15. Transfusion therapy 84
　　Criteria for whole blood (WB) transfusion 84
　　Criteria for RBC concentrate transfusion in adults 84
　　Dosage and administration 85
　　Criteria for FFP transfusion 85
　　Transfusion of cryoprecipitate 86
　　Transfusion of platelet concentrate 86
　　Transfusion of fresh blood 88
　　Massive transfusion 88
　　Autologous blood transfusion 88
　　Single unit transfusion 90• Selection of donor 60
　　Apheresis/hemapheresis 90
　　Hospital transfusion committee 94

16. Neonatal and pediatric transfusion 95
　　Blood grouping of newborns or cord blood 95
　　Cross-matching in neonates 96
　　Components transfusion in neonates 97
　　Exchange blood transfusion 99
　　Intrauterine transfusion 100

17. Obstetrical transfusion practice 101
　　Criteria for obstetric transfusion 101


Further Reading 105
Index 107