Features

•Documents a new approach to virus detection
•Describes the newly patented Integrated Virus Detection System (aka electrospray/differential mobility)
•Includes a chapter on honeybees to illustrate the methods of virus detection
•Outlines a method for separating a single virus from within a complex solution containing many different viruses
•Provides widely different examples and applications of the described methods




Summary


Multiple viruses can be detected concurrently using the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS). Integrated Virus Detection describes this technology and provides many examples of applications including a chapter on viruses found in honeybees with descriptions of seasonal and yearly variation. This straightforward technology can be used to detect known, unknown, and unsequenced viruses collected from environmental and other complex biological sources.

This book summarizes more than ten US patents issued for the invention of the IVDS, which is the common name of the electrospray–differential mobility analyzer method. The IVDS is powering mankind’s ability to rapidly detect, measure, and monitor viruses as well as virus-like particles. Three facts make rapid detection possible: virus size, which ranges from 20 to 800 nm.; disparity in each virus species’ particle size thus allowing size data to be used for detection and preliminary identification; and the fact that virus particle density is distinct from other nanoparticles.

The IVDS can ascertain the absence of virion particles, thus presenting compelling evidence of a true negative, which is useful in verifying decontamination and other processes. In addition, large numbers of samples may be processed in an automated fashion, providing an excellent means to prescreen them for judicious targeting of subsequent tests such as PCR or the discriminating method for identifying microbes, which is mass spectrometry proteomics.*

The book is helpful to anyone interested in virus detection, especially in situations where many viral types may coexist.

*Identifying Microbes by Mass Spectrometry Proteomics (CRC Press 2013)

Detection of Whole Viruses
Introduction
Historical Background
It Works! The Eureka Moment
Flowchart for Virus Detection
Concept of IVDS Operation
IVDS Systems and Operations
Organization of Book

Instrumentation
Introduction
Descriptions of IVDS Components
IVDS-Beta
Commercial IVDS
RapidDx-IVDS
Capillary Diameter Effect and IVDS Stability
Electrospray Stability

Proof Concept Using MS2
Introduction
Physical Basis of Invention
MS2 as Test Virus
Characterization of MS2 Using IVDS
Removing Complex Growth Media
Filtration Characteristics of MS2 Bacteriophage
Summary

Concentration of Viruses
Introduction
Concentrator Device

Cause and Effect Curves
Introduction
Effects of Temperature on MS2 Survival
Dose Response Curves for MS2 (High pH)
Dose Response Curves for MS2 (Low pH)

Isolating Single Viruses from Multivirus Mixtures
Introduction
Procedure
Differential Mobility Separation
Conclusions
Summary

Analyzing Various Viruses
Introduction
IVDS
Sample Analysis Procedures
Analyses of and Results for Specific Viruses
Analysis of Complex Media
Water Sample Analysis
Recovery of Viruses from Surfaces
Detection of Viruses in Bark Beetles

Detection of Other Nanoparticles
Introduction
Particle Size Results: Comparison of Malvern Nano ZS

Direct Counting of Pili
Introduction
Detecting Pili
Testing Procedures
Conclusions

Detecting Viruses in Honeybees
Introduction and Formation of BVS, Inc.
Detection of Viruses from Single Honeybee
Rosetta Stone Project
Honeybee Nutrition Study
Essential Oils Study
Snapshots of Viral Loads in Honeybees
Conclusions

Pulsed Lamp Decontamination
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusions

Current and Future Trends
Introduction
Potential Applications of IVDS
New RapidDx Instrument
The Future